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- $Unique_ID{BRK04137}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Primary Lateral Sclerosis}
- $Subject{Primary Lateral Sclerosis Central Motor Neuron Disease PLS Motor
- Neuron Disease ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) Werdnig-Hoffmann Disease
- Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN)}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 645:
- Primary Lateral Sclerosis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Primary Lateral
- Sclerosis) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Central Motor Neuron Disease
- PLS
- Motor Neuron Disease
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)
- Werdnig-Hoffmann Disease
- Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN)
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the
- "Resources" section of this report.
-
- Primary Lateral Sclerosis is a rare neurological disease affecting the
- central motor neurons. It causes progressive muscle weakness in the facial
- area, hands, arms, legs and feet. It is associated with spasticity and
- hyperactive deep-tendon reflexes of the muscles in these areas.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Primary Lateral Sclerosis is a disease of the nerve cells which control
- muscles. Initially there are few symptoms and there is a slow progression of
- the neurological dysfunction. There may be spastic reactions of the muscles
- in the hands, feet or legs which may progress to paralysis. The ability to
- speak may also be affected as the muscles used in speaking may become
- involved. The senses and intelligence of the patient are unaffected. The
- disease may progress slowly over a number of years with wasting and weakening
- of the affected muscles.
-
- Causes
-
- Like many other motor neuron diseases, the exact cause of Primary Lateral
- Sclerosis is not known.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Primary Lateral Sclerosis is a rare disorder that affects males and females
- in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Primary
- Lateral Sclerosis. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's Disease) is a disorder
- of the motor neuron cells. It generally affects both the upper and lower
- motor neurons and results in the progressive wasting and weakening of those
- muscles which have lost their nerve supply. There are a number of different
- forms of ALS, all exhibiting some of the classical symptoms. Slight patchy
- weakness, clumsiness of the hands, weakness in the legs, slowing of speech,
- difficulty in swallowing, and night cramps in the leg muscles are a few of
- these symptoms. (For more information on this disorder, choose "ALS" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Werdnig-Hoffmann Disease is a severe and usually rapidly progressive
- motor neuron disease that affects infants. It is characterized by a
- generalized atrophy and weakness of the muscles of the trunk and extremities,
- as a result of degenerative changes in the ventral horn cells of the spinal
- cord. This weakness, referred to as the amyotonia congenital syndrome, is
- also found in other neuromuscular diseases. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Werdnig-Hoffmann" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Multifocal Motor Neuropathy is a neurologic disease that has symptoms
- similar to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, lower motor neurons
- are mainly affected. Patients with this disease have slowly progressive
- muscle wasting and weakness without spasticity and stiffness. This disorder
- may respond to immunosuppressive drug treatment. For the patients who
- respond the weakness may not only stop progressing but may also improve.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Primary Lateral Sclerosis involves the use of drugs to help
- control the symptoms. Baclofen is prescribed for spasticity, Quinine for
- cramps, and Diazepam for muscular contractions. Other treatments may include
- physical therapy to prevent stiffness of joints, and speech therapy may be
- needed to aid the patient whose ability to speak has been impaired by muscle
- weakness. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Scientists are conducting extensive ongoing research on motor neuron diseases
- in the areas of nerve growth factors, axonal transport, androgen receptor in
- motor neurons, and DNA/RNA changes.
-
- Syntex-Synergen Neuroscience of Boulder, CO, is sponsoring an orphan
- product for the treatment of motor neuron diseases including Primary Lateral
- Sclerosis. The chemical name is ciliary neurotrophic factor, recombinant
- human.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- June 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Primary Lateral Sclerosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Society
- 21021 Ventura Blvd., Suite 321
- Woodland Hills, CA 91364
- (818) 340-7500
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 2239, 2243.
-
- CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE SPINOBULBAR SPASTICITY. A RARE FORM OF PRIMARY
- LATERAL SCLEROSIS. J.L. Gastaut, et al.; Arch Neurol (May, 1988, issue 45
- (5)). Pp. 509-513.
-
- CLINICAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN PRIMARY LATERAL SCLEROSIS.
- L.S. Russo, Jr. Arch Neurol (October, 1982, issue 39 (10)). Pp. 662-664.
-
- PRIMARY LATERAL SCLEROSIS; A CASE REPORT. M.F. Beal, et al.; Arch Neurol
- (October, 1981, issue 38 (10)). Pp. 630-633.
-
- PRIMARY LATERAL SCLEROSIS, A DEBATED ENTITY. K.A. Sotaniemi, et al.; Acta
- Neurol Scand (April, 1985, issue 71 (4)). Pp. 334-336.
-
-